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Unit 5. Ecology

            • MAN AND THE NATURAL WORLD
            • KEEPING FIT
            • MAN THE CREATOR
            • MAN THE DESTROYER
            • FOOD

* * * * * Let Us Review * * * * *

1. Give it a name.

  1. Something that kills people or animals if it is swallowed.
  2. Not hurt, not in danger, not dangerous.
  3. A place where rubbish is left.
  4. Something that is used to kill or hurt people in a fight or a war.
  5. A number of people who live in a place, country, etc.
  6. Making water, air, atmosphere dirty and dangerous for people and animals to live in.
  7. 1000 kilograms.
  8. A situation where there is not enough of something.
  9. Material which was used and is no longer wanted.

2. Ask for more information.

1. They survived. 2. It was mixed. 3. It poisons them.

Reported Speech

Bob: “I live in London.”
Bob said he lived in London.

Jim: “I can’t swim.”
Jim said he couldn’t swim.

Nelly: “Will you help me to solve that problem?”
Nelly asked if I would help her to solve that problem.

Jane: “Where did they dump all that waste?”
Jane wanted to know where they had dumped all that waste.

Polly: “Don’t stay long in the direct sunlight, Caroline.”
Polly told Caroline not to stay long in the direct sunlight.

Mary: “Look at the rainbow, John!”
Mary asked John to look at the rainbow.

3. Say how you will change the following in the reported speech if you speak about past events.

4. Look through the dialogue. Change it into the reported speech and then read it aloud.

Frank: We had an ecology class yesterday. We discussed different environmental problems.

Chris: No wonder. They are the most important problems these days.

Frank: I think many people understand they should protect the environment.

Chris: Do they really understand that? I’m not quite sure, because factories dump waste into rivers, air pollution is getting worse too.

Frank: That’s true. And yet more and more people fight against nuclear tests, nuclear weapons and other things.

Chris: But will they win? And when will they win these battles?

Frank: Don’t lose hope. Let’s hope for the best.

Focus_______________________________________

read + -er = reader
write + -er = writer

sell + -er = seller
produce + -er = producer


protect + -tion = protection
pollute + -tion = pollution

populate + -tion = population
cooperate + -tion = cooperation


develop + -ment = development
govern + -ment = government
state + -ment = statement

white + -ness = whiteness
fresh + -ness = freshness
bright + -ness = brightness


water + -less = waterless
air + -less = airless
home + -less = homeless

easy + -ly = easily
clear + -ly = clearly
personal + -ly = personally

5. a) What nouns can you form from the following verbs and adjectives?

  1. To speak, to buy, to destroy, to create, to dump, to picnic.
  2. To operate, to illustrate, to radiate, to cooperate.
  3. Calm, ill, soft, ready, dark.

b) Make up true sentences with these verbs and nouns.

6. a) What adjectives can you form from the following nouns with the help of the suffix -less?

Penny, land, hair, luck, sun, moon, hope, life, sleep, end, use, care.

b) Make up 6 true sentences with these adjectives. If you are not sure of their spelling consult a dictionary.

Focus_______________________________________

N ↠ V

dump — to dump
forecast - to forecast
influence — to influence
damage — to damage
poison — to poison

Adj ↠ V

warm — to warm
calm — to calm
clear — to clear
pale — to pale

7. a) Think of the correct way to express the same in Russian.

  1. Homeless people; protection of the environment; a city with a population over 3 million; further development of the country; real freshness of the air; to see clearly; to do the job easily; waterless places; to pollute the atmosphere; to populate the area; to govern the country; I personally think...; important cooperation; to speak powerfully.
  2. To warm dinner; to poison an enemy; to forecast the weather; to dump rubbish; to test nuclear weapons; to damage the environment; to influence the government.

b) Think of true sentences with these word combinations and write down at least five of them.

8. Decide which parts of the human body can suffer most of all from bad ecology and name them.

skin, stomach, lungs, blood, arms, the whole body, legs, brain1

• poisoned water
• polluted air
• traffic noise
• nuclear radiation

• television, computer, etc.
• bad (ecologically unsafe) food
• little physical activity
• radiation from the sun

1 brain — ìîçã

9. What do you think is more important? Put the words and word combinations in the order of importance.

1) Things that help us to keep fit:

healthy food
quiet life
sports
medicines
clean water and air

modern conveniences
physical activity (regular exercise)
good doctors and clinics
regular eating
information about diseases and their cure

2) Different kinds of physical activity:

summer sports
winter sports
jogging
indoor games
outdoor games

morning exercises
walking
working in the garden
bodybuilding
aerobics

3) Food that is good for your health:

caviar
fruit
vegetables
bread
meat
cereals

fruit juices
fish
eggs
tea
coffee
sweets and chocolate

dairy products.
milk
butter
cheese
cream
sour cream

10. a) Work in pairs. Interview your partner and find out:

  • what he/she does to keep fit
  • what he/she does when he/she falls ill
  • how often he/she calls the doctor or goes to the doctor
  • if he/she goes in for sports
  • what kinds of sports he/she prefers
  • how much time he/she spends in front of the telly1

1 telly — television

b) Make notes and then tell the class what your partner has told you.

11. Work in pairs or groups and make up Five Golden Rules that people should follow if they want to survive.

Rule 1: Act quickly, don’t wait. Nobody will help us if we don’t help ourselves.
Rule 2: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rule 3: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rule 4: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rule 5: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12. a) Read the words in transcription.

b) Listen to the tape, 20, and check your reading.

 

 

 

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